Amniocentesis Diagram: Amniocentesis involves extracting a small amount of amniotic fluid from the uterus, which contains fetal cells and substances like alpha-fetoprotein. This fluid is analyzed to detect chromosomal abnormalities, genetic disorders, neural tube defects, fetal infections, and assess fetal lung maturity.
Typically performed between the 15th and 20th weeks of pregnancy, the procedure is conducted under ultrasound guidance to minimize risks. The process includes monitoring vital signs, using antiseptics, and inserting a thin needle through the abdomen to collect the fluid.
While generally safe, potential risks include miscarriage, cramping, leakage of amniotic fluid, preterm labor, and rare fetal injuries. Post-procedure care involves avoiding strenuous activities for 24 hours and monitoring for symptoms like cramps, bleeding, or fever.
In India, the use of amniocentesis for sex determination has been banned under the Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (PCPNDT) Act of 1994 to prevent gender-based abortions. The article emphasizes that the procedure should only be used for legitimate medical reasons and not for determining fetal sex.
Figure: Amniocentesis Diagram
Procedure of Amniocentesis
Amniocentesis follows the following procedure:
- The patient is made to lie down on the table and asked to place the hands behind the head.
- The blood pressure, heart rate and breathing rate are checked.
- An ultrasound is performed to scan the heart rate of the foetus, position of the placenta, foetus, umbilical cord and locate the pocket of amniotic fluid.
- The abdomen is cleansed with an antiseptic and is injected with anaesthesia.
- A long, thin, hollow needle is inserted into the uterus to collect the amniotic fluid.
- The collected fluid is placed in a light protected container.
- The heart rate of the foetus and the patient are reassessed.
- The collected fluid is sent to the laboratory for examination.
