In this article, we're exploring the important differences between enzyme and catalyst—two terms often used interchangeably in chemistry and biology, but with key distinctions. Catalysts are substances that speed up chemical reactions without being consumed, and they can be either organic or inorganic. Enzymes, on the other hand, are biological catalysts specifically made by living organisms. Understanding the difference between enzymes and catalysts helps students connect principles of chemistry with biological systems.
Like other catalysts, enzymes are nonreactive in the reactions they control. They help reactants interact but are not consumed in the reactions. Instead, they can be used again and again. Unlike other catalysts, enzymes are usually highly specific to particular chemical reactions. They generally catalyze only one or a few types of reactions. The table below highlights 10 critical differences between enzymes and catalysts to deepen your understanding of how they function and where they apply.
Difference between Enzyme and Catalyst
10 Key Differences Between Enzymes and Catalysts
| Enzymes | Catalysts |
|---|---|
| Enzymes are biological catalysts produced by living cells. | Catalysts can be inorganic or organic substances, not necessarily produced by living organisms. |
| Enzymes are mostly made of proteins (sometimes RNA). | Catalysts can be metals, metal oxides, or other compounds. |
| Enzymes work best under specific conditions like body temperature and pH. | Catalysts can work under a wider range of temperatures and conditions. |
| Enzymes are highly specific to one reaction or substrate. | Catalysts are generally less specific and may catalyze multiple reactions. |
| Enzymes are sensitive to temperature, pH, and inhibitors. | Catalysts are more stable and less sensitive to environmental changes. |
| Enzymes are used in biological reactions like digestion and respiration. | Catalysts are used in industrial and chemical processes like fuel production. |
| Enzyme activity can be regulated by the body. | Catalyst activity is controlled by external conditions like pressure or concentration. |
| Enzymes lower the activation energy of biochemical reactions. | Catalysts lower the activation energy of general chemical reactions. |
| Enzyme reactions occur in mild, aqueous environments. | Catalysts often work in harsh or extreme conditions, including high temperatures. |
| Enzymes are biodegradable and environmentally friendly. | Catalysts can be non-biodegradable and may require disposal protocols. |
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