Biotechnology and its Applications is crucial for students to understand. It's not only important for exams but also for gaining valuable knowledge about how biotechnology impacts various fields. This chapter has been a hotspot for questions in previous medical exams. This means studying this chapter thoroughly can really boost your exam performance.
To help you prepare effectively, we've selected some key questions from this chapter. These Biotechnology MCQ with Answers questions are chosen with a focus on learning and understanding important concepts. By diving into Biotechnology MCQ with Answers and mastering the content of Chapter 12, you'll be better equipped to tackle related topics in exams. Let's explore these Biotechnology MCQ for NEET together to enhance your understanding of biotechnology and its applications.
Biotechnology MCQ with Answers (NEET PYQ)
Here are the 50+ Biotechnology MCQ with Answers and explanations related to biotechnology and molecular biology, particularly relevant for NEET exams:
1. DNA fragments separated on an agarose gel can be visualized after staining with ____ (NEET – 2017)
A. Ethidium bromide
B. Bromophenol blue
C. Acetocarmine
D. Aniline blue
Answer: A. Ethidium bromide
Explanation: Ethidium bromide is commonly used to stain DNA on agarose gels for visualization under UV light.
2. A gene whose expression helps to identify transformed cells is known as ____ (NEET – 2017)
A. Plasmid
B. Selectable marker
C. Structural gene
D. Vector
Answer: B. Selectable marker
Explanation: A selectable marker gene is used to identify and select cells that have successfully incorporated foreign DNA (gene of interest) during transformation.
3. The Taq polymerase enzyme is obtained from (NEET – 2016)
A. Thermus aquaticus
B. Thiobacillus ferrooxidans
C. Bacillus subtilis
D. Pseudomonas subtilis
Answer: A. Thermus aquaticus
Explanation: Taq polymerase, a heat-stable DNA polymerase used in PCR, is derived from the thermophilic bacterium Thermus aquaticus.
4. Which of the following is an endonuclease? (NEET – 2016)
A. DNase I
B. Hind II
C. Protease
D. RNase restriction
Answer: B. Hind II
Explanation: Hind II (HindII) is a type II restriction endonuclease that recognizes specific DNA sequences and cleaves within the molecule.
5. Which of the following restriction enzymes produce blunt ends? (NEET – 2016)
A. Hind III
B. XhoI
C. Eco RV
D. Sal I
Answer: C. Eco RV
Explanation: Eco RV is a restriction enzyme that cuts DNA to produce blunt ends (ends with no overhangs).
6. Which of the following is not a component of downstream processing? (NEET – 2016)
A. Expression
B. Preservation
C. Purification
D. Separation
Answer: A. Expression
Explanation: Downstream processing in biotechnology involves purification, separation, and preservation of the desired product, but not the initial expression of the product.
7. A foreign DNA and plasmid cut by the same restriction endonuclease can be joined to form a recombinant plasmid using (NEET – 2016)
A. Taq polymerase
B. Polymerase III
C. Ligase
D. Eco RI
Answer: C. Ligase
Explanation: DNA ligase enzyme is used to join DNA fragments (foreign DNA and plasmid) with compatible sticky ends produced by the same restriction endonuclease.
8. Which kind of therapy was given in 1990 to a four-year-old girl with ADA deficiency? (Adenosine Deaminase) (NEET – 2016)
A. Radiation Therapy
B. Gene Therapy
C. Immunotherapy
D. Chemotherapy
Answer: B. Gene Therapy
Explanation: Gene therapy involves introducing functional genes into cells to correct genetic disorders, such as adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency.
9. In Bt cotton, the Bt toxin present in plant tissue as pro-toxin is converted into active toxin due to _____ (NEET – 2015)
A. Acidic pH of the insect gut
B. Alkaline pH of the insect gut
C. Presence of conversion factors in insect gut
D. Action of gut microorganisms
Answer: B. Alkaline pH of the insect gut
Explanation: The alkaline pH of the insect gut activates the Bt toxin, leading to insect mortality in Bt cotton.
10. The first-ever human hormone produced by recombinant DNA technology is _____ (NEET – 2014)
A. Progesterone
B. Insulin
C. Estrogen
D. Progesterone
Answer: B. Insulin
Explanation: Insulin was the first human hormone produced using recombinant DNA technology, which revolutionized the treatment of diabetes.
11. A single strand of nucleic acid tagged with a radioactive molecule is called (NEET – 2012)
A. Plasmid
B. Probe
C. Selectable marker
D. Vector
Answer: B. Probe
Explanation: A probe is a labeled nucleic acid used in molecular biology to detect complementary sequences (e.g., in Southern blotting).
12. There is a restriction endonuclease called Eco RI. What does the 'Eco' part in it stand for? (NEET – 2011)
A. Coli
B. Colon
C. Cofactor
D. None of the above
Answer: A. Coli
Explanation: The 'Eco' in Eco RI stands for Escherichia coli, the bacterium from which this restriction enzyme was isolated.
13. Agarose extracted from seaweeds finds use in ____ (NEET – 2011)
A. Spectrophotometry
B. Gel electrophoresis
C. PCR
D. Tissue culture
Answer: B. Gel electrophoresis
Explanation: Agarose is a polysaccharide extracted from seaweeds and is commonly used to prepare gels for separating DNA fragments in gel electrophoresis.
14. The maximum number of existing transgenic animals is of _____ (NEET – 2011)
A. Fish
B. Mice
C. Cow
D. Pig
Answer: B. Mice
Explanation: Mice are among the most common transgenic animals used in research due to their genetic similarity to humans.
15. The process of RNA interference has been used in the development of plants resistant to _____ (NEET – 2011)
A. Insects
B. Nematodes
C. Fungi
D. Viruses
Answer: D. Viruses
Explanation: RNA interference (RNAi) technology has been used to develop plants resistant to viral infections by silencing viral genes.
16. The genetically modified brinjal in India has been developed for (NEET – 2010)
A. Drought resistance
B. Enhancing mineral content
C. Enhancing shelf life
D. Insect resistance
Answer: D. Insect resistance
Explanation: The genetically modified brinjal (Bt brinjal) in India was developed to be resistant to certain insect pests, specifically the fruit and shoot borer.
17. Which of the following is not used as a biopesticide? (NEET AIPMT – 2009)
A. Xanthomonas campestris
B. Bacillus thuringiensis
C. Trichoderma harzianum
D. Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus
Answer: A. Xanthomonas campestris
Explanation: Xanthomonas campestris is a bacterium known for causing plant diseases and is not used as a biopesticide.
18. Cry-I endotoxins obtained from Bacillus thuringiensis are effective against ___ (NEET AIPMT – 2008)
A. Nematodes
B. Flies
C. Mosquitoes
D. Bollworms
Answer: D. Bollworms
Explanation: Cry-I endotoxins (Bt toxins) from Bacillus thuringiensis are effective against bollworms, a common pest in crops like cotton.
19. A transgenic food crop that may help in solving the problem of night blindness in developing countries is _______ (NEET AIPMT – 2008)
A. Golden Rice
B. Flavr Savr tomatoes
C. BT soybean
D. Starlink maize
Answer: A. Golden Rice
Explanation: Golden Rice is a genetically modified rice variety engineered to produce beta-carotene, which can address vitamin A deficiency and prevent night blindness in populations with rice-based diets.